Abstract: The availability of sophisticated digital imaging technology has given rise to digital forgeries that are increasing in sophistication and frequency. We describe a technique for exposing such fakes by detecting inconsistencies in lighting. We show how to approximate complex lighting environments with a low-dimensional model and, further, how to estimate the model's parameters from a single image. Inconsistencies in the lighting model are then used as evidence of tampering.
@article{johnson-farid07-2,
url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/publications/tifs07a.pdf},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security},
author = {Micah K. Johnson and Hany Farid},
number = {2},
volume = {3},
year = {2007},
title = {Exposing digital forgeries in complex lighting environments},
pages = {450-461},
}