Abstract: The Electric Network Frequency (ENF) Criterion is a recently developed forensic technique for determining the time of recording of digital audio recordings, by matching the ENF pattern from a questioned recording with an ENF pattern database. In this paper we discuss its inherent limitations in the case of short – i.e., less than 10 minutes in duration – digital audio recordings. We also present a matching procedure based on the correlation coefficient, as a more robust alternative to squared error matching.

@inproceedings{Huijbregtse:2009aa,
  publisher    = {Springer Verlag},
  author       = {Maarten Huijbregtse and Zeno J. M H. Geradts},
  url          = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/kw6051638254714l/},
  series       = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  booktitle    = {Computational Forensics, Third International Workshop, IWCF 2009, The Hague, Netherlands, August 2009, Proceedings},
  volume       = {LNCS 5718},
  year         = {2009},
  editor       = {Zeno J. Geradts and Katrin Y. Franke and Cor. J. Veenman},
  address      = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
  title        = {Using the {ENF} criterion for determining the time of recording of short digital audio recordings },
  pages        = {116--124},
}